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Even as House Republicans vow to repeal the health care law, government advisers are preparing this week to wade into one of the most contentious questions the legislation raises: What benefits must insurers cover?The answer will affect tens of millions of Americans beginning in 2014: those who buy their own insurance and those who get coverage through small employers.While the law outlines 10 broad categories of coverage — among them hospital and emergency services, prescription drugs, childbirth and pediatric care — it leaves specifics to the government.The Obama administration faces a tough balancing act: The benefits package must be broad enough to be comprehensive but not so broad as to be unaffordable. Patient advocates and industry lobbyists are drawing up wish lists for items they want covered, including autism therapy, obesity treatments, infertility treatments and unlimited chemotherapy visits.The Department of Health and Human Services has asked the independent Institute of Medicine for advice. A 17-member institute panel will begin meeting Wednesday behind closed doors, with public sessions scheduled for Thursday and Friday. Panel members include economists, consumer advocates, a state health commissioner and a former CEO of insurer WellPoint. By fall, it’ll make recommendations on factors HHS should consider in drawing up the benefit package.The required package affects all policies to be sold in the new state-based insurance exchanges. Those marketplaces, which are to start operating in 2014, initially will be open only to those who buy individual and small-group policies. New policies sold to individuals and businesses outside the exchanges also would be affected.Benefit coverage has long been a flash point between consumers and insurers, sometimes playing out in news stories of patients who are denied treatments they say are necessary, even lifesaving, but that insurers call unproven or not medically indicated.“The notion that someone has health insurance only has real meaning when the insurance they have provides coverage for their true health care needs,” said Ron Pollack, the executive director of the liberal advocacy group Families USA.The law leaves open the question of how detailed the requirements will be and how much flexibility will be left to insurers and employers. Insurers argue for flexibility, but some consumer groups want details spelled out.HHS shouldn’t get into “the details of each category of care,” America’s Health Insurance Plans says in a letter to the Institute of medicine panel. Essential benefits are those “proven effective based on science,” and they should be updated regularly. Additionally, the trade group says HHS should consider allowing restrictions on the numbers of visits covered in certain situations to keep premiums affordable.

“The broader the benefit package, the higher the cost for families and employers,” said Robert Zirkelbach, a spokesman for America’s Health Insurance Plans.Don’t limit the number of visits, said Stephen Finan, the senior director of policy for the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. “If a patient requires chemotherapy every week for a year … they should not be hindered by an arbitrary rule about only getting 35 visits.”“If it’s medically necessary, it should be covered,” said Marina Weiss, a senior vice president at the March of Dimes.Currently, insurers establish benefit packages, sometimes in conjunction with employers who are purchasing them. Insurance plans typically cover a wide range of services, from emergency room care to hospitalization and visits to doctors’ offices, with the caveat that the treatments be deemed medically necessary.Some treatments, such as cosmetic surgery, generally aren’t covered. Others — including bariatric surgery for obesity, infertility treatment or new, experimental types of services — fall into a gray area and may not be covered.Advocates have succeeded in getting most states to set rules that require coverage for specific treatments and conditions. Some states, for example, include infertility, autism, Lyme disease, hearing aids or prosthetic limbs. Some states specify what kinds of specialists must be covered, from acupuncturists and dentists to massage therapists or pastoral counselors.Under the new health law, states can keep coverage requirements that aren’t included in the essential benefit package, but they’d be responsible for paying insurers the additional costs for those benefits in policies sold through state exchanges.Many activists fear that states will repeal requirements that are left out of the federal benefit package. “That will give states a chance or an excuse to then get rid of any kind of mandate,” said Karen Forschner, the chairwoman of the board of directors of the Lyme Disease Foundation in Tolland, Conn.Connecticut is among the few states that set specific Lyme disease coverage, requiring insurers to provide more than 30 days of antibiotic treatment for patients who may need longer-term therapy, Forschner said.About two dozen states have comprehensive rules requiring coverage for autism, said Stuart Spielman, senior policy adviser and counsel with the advocacy group Autism Speaks.Without such laws, “families suffer huge gaps in coverage,” he said. “They can be denied specific services such as speech therapy.”“People have made decisions about job choices and where to live based on state laws,” said Spielman, who wants the administration to consider state rules when developing the benefit package. “This is not a blank slate. There have been efforts in states to provide quality health care.